does any of these ingredients harm dog ? Aqua, Propylene glycol, Glycerin, Carbomer, Xanthan gum, Sodium hydroxide, Benzoic acid, Citric acid
Aqua: A trendy way to say "water" (might be spelled agua, depending on where the product is being sold.)
Propylene Glycol: Commonly used human-grade food ingredient. Harmless, though if you slurp down enough (LOTS) of it, you might get a transient case of the drizzling shits.
Glycerin: About as harmful as water, but a lot slicker. Like Propylene glycol, swallow enough (meaning "lots") and it could give you the runs for a day or two.
Carbomer: Depends on exactly which one - there are several. None are likely to be a problem.
Xanthan Gum: Another commonly used human-grade food ingredient. Thickener. Makes something more like lotion than like water. Eat a boatload of it, and depending on your personal quirks, it might plug you up for a day or two, or it might give you the runs.
Sodium Hydroxide AKA "lye": When concentrated, EXTREMELY corrosive. Very basic. WIll eat through skin. In small quantities, or diluted in water or other solution, very useful for bringing the pH of an acidic compound toward neutral. Usually used for exactly that purpose: to make something acidic not so acidic as it started out being.
Benzoic acid: A fairly mild acid often often used as a preservative, pH balancer, or both. Not "pleasant" to eat on its own, but with other ingredients, useful for several purposes. If in concentrated form, COULD cause chemical burns, but it would have to be VERY concentrated. Usually appears in amounts that barely qualify as being there at all. Generally harmless unless present in lab-grade purity/concentration.
Citric acid: AKA "Vitamin C". Added to foods for nutritional value, often used in "other stuff" for pH adjustment. When concentrated, very bad news. Think battery acid. As normally used in foods, toiletries, cosmetics or lube, the concentration and amount is normally so low as to be barely detectable. Acts as an anti-oxidant/preservative. (if you add some to butter, ferinstance, you can store the butter for ages without it going rancid, and never notice anything odd (beyond the butter not going rancid) about it)
Short form: None of what you list is a hazard, except the sodium hydroxide and acids, and those only when in *MUCH* higher concentrations and amounts than you'll likely ever encounter them outside of a laboratory. Most, if not all, products that use them do so at such low levels that you'd need a full-blown chemical analysis to know they were present at all, never mind be harmed (or cause harm) when using the product.